Search results for "Federal republic"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
Somatic symptoms in the Eastern and Western states of Germany 30 years after unification: Population-based survey analyses.
2021
Background Following German reunification, physical health indicators in the formerly separated states (German Democratic Republic- East/ Federal Republic of Germany-West) have converged. However, it remains unclear how these societal changes have impacted somatic complaints, a major indicator of physical and mental health. Therefore, we investigated how somatic symptom reporting in men and women evolved regarding residency. Methods We administered cross-sectional surveys representative of the German population with comparable sample size in 1994 (N = 3047), 2001 (N = 2050), 2013 (N = 2508) and 2019 (N = 2531) following random route procedure. Men and women aged 14-99 reported demographics …
Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics
1994
Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of…
Uran aus deutschen Nuklearprojekten der 1940er Jahre – eine nuklearforensische Untersuchung
2015
Wir berichten hier uber eine nuklearforensische Analyse verschiedener Uranmaterialien aus deutschen Nuklearprojekten der 1940er Jahre, bei denen Uranmetall in verschiedenen Geometrien verwendet wurde. Mithilfe des 230Th/234U-Isotopenverhaltnisses konnte fur das Metall ein Produktionszeitraum von 1940 bis 1943 bestimmt werden. Die geographische Herkunft des Urans wurde anhand des Spurengehalts an Seltenerdelementen und der Strontium-Isotopenverhaltnisse bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das bei den deutschen Nuklearprojekten verwendete Uran aus Minen in der Tschechischen Republik stammt. 236U und 239Pu wurden in Spuren nachgewiesen. Diese entsprechen in etwa der Haufigkeit dieser Isotope…
Der Einfluß von extremen Ausdauerbelastungen auf den Eiweißstoffwechsel des Menschen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Immunsystems
1985
In summer 1981, six long-distance runners covered a 1100-km-course across the Federal Republic of Germany within 20 days. Four of them were on a more or less ovo-lacto-vegetable and two a vegetarian diet. In spite of a high absolute but indeed low relative protein supply, a continuous decrease of the total protein content could be noticed in the serum. The alterations of the protein fractions corresponded to those of an acute-phase reaction. The Immunoglobulin-G and the Immunoglobulin-A content decreased continuously. The cortisol level was always above the norm, the insulin level always below. The glucagon level increased continuously in the course of the day. The urea-N-level moved around…
Applicability of the Poisson distribution to model the data of the German Children's Cancer Registry.
1995
Since 1980 the German Children's Cancer Registry has documented all childhood malignancies in the Federal Republic of Germany. Various statistical procedures have been proposed to identify municipalities or other geographic units with increased numbers of malignancies. Usually the Poisson distribution, which requires the malignancies to be distributed homogeneously and uncorrelated, is applied. Other discrete statistical distributions (so-called cluster distributions) like the generalized or compound Poisson distributions are applicable more generally. In this paper we present a first explorative approach to the question of whether it is necessary to use one of these cluster distributions t…
Split-ticket voting in German Federal elections, 1953–90: an example of sophisticated balloting?
1999
Abstract Though the German electoral system has provided the opportunity of split-ticket voting since 1953, until now there has only been mere speculation concerning the rationality of ticket-splitting. In this paper we examine the rationality thesis empirically, using data provided by the official representative electoral statistics of the Federal Republic. Modifying the Downsian notion of rational voting, rational ticket-splitting is defined in terms of coalition building and of voters' expectations of the electoral success of candidates and parties. Applying this conceptual framework, it will be shown that the combinations of first and second votes actually chosen by a majority of the Ge…
The German Expellee Organizations: Unity, Division, and Function
2016
In the early twenty-first century, the German expellee organizations (Vertriebenenverbände) are typically portrayed as a united entity, at least in the wider public realm. The dominance of the umbrella group Bund der Vertriebenen (BdV) tends to foster the perception that the German expellee lobby is a homogeneous and cohesive bloc, focused on promoting shared political goals. This has been evident, for instance, in the media coverage of the prolonged controversy about the proposed establishment of a Center Against Expulsions in Berlin, in which the BdV’s statements have generally been taken to represent the expellee movement as a whole.1 But how correct is that interpretation, particularly …
Problems in determining the size of the population and critical groups exposed to environmental noise
1978
Abstract In order to better estimate how and to what extent people are affected by exposure to environmental noise, an attempt must be made to calculate first the size of the entire population exposed to certain levels of noise and, second, groups within the population which are particularly sensitive to noise. Such a study has been started in the Federal Republic of Germany. It has been estimated that about 14 million people are exposed to sound levels of roughly 62 dB(A) and about 2 million to levels of roughly 70 dB(A). Nothing is yet known about the existence or size of sensitive groups within these populations, however, and the following report lists areas needing research in terms of …
Debating Europe: Effects of the “Eurovision Debate” on EU Attitudes of Young German Voters and the Moderating Role Played by Political Involvement
2016
In the run-up to the elections to the European Parliament in 2014, EU citizens had the unprecedented opportunity to watch televised debates between the candidates running for president of the European Commission. The most important debate was the so-called "Eurovision debate", which was broadcasted in almost all EU member states. In this study we explore the responses of a sample of 110 young German voters, who watched this debate, to the candidates' messages and whether exposure to the debate caused a shift in the respondents' attitudes towards the EU. Combining data from a quasi-experiment, real-time response data, and data from a content analysis of the debate, we find that respondents' …
The overstated generational gap in online news use? A consolidated infrastructural perspective
2021
Recent research by Taneja et al. suggested that digital infrastructures diminish the generational gap in news use by counteracting preference structures. We expand on this seminal work by arguing that an infrastructural perspective requires overcoming limitations of highly aggregated web tracking data used in prior research. We analyze the individual browsing histories of two representative samples of German Internet users collected in 2012 ( N = 2970) and 2018 ( N = 2045) and find robust evidence for a smaller generational gap in online news use than commonly assumed. While short news website visits mostly demonstrated infrastructural factors, longer news use episodes were shaped more by …